The defeat by the fungus of the nails affects not only its aesthetic appearance and the quality of life of the patient, but it can also be the cause of serious complications. Especially dangerous is the disease for people with a weakened immune system, and hormonal disorders fund. The treatment of the fungal infection is difficult and takes a long time. That later measures were taken, it is more difficult to get rid of nail parasites, therefore, when we detect the first signs of the disease should be addressed as soon as possible to a dermatologist.
Causes of the appearance of nail fungus
The defeat of the surface of the nail parasites, fungi-dermatophytes is called onychomycosis. The etiology of the disease is not only related with the penetration of the parasite in the body, but with fixation in layers, squamous, which may not occur without the creation of certain conditions. The main cause of the appearance of nail fungus is the existence of an environment conducive to multiplication of microorganisms. Infection occurs at contact of open parts of the body with contaminated objects or an infected person.
After contact with the parasites in the skin, which are fixed in the surface layer of the epidermis, and gradually begin to spread to the health of the epidermis.
Before the penetration of the fungi into the deeper layers of the disease is asymptomatic, and in the absence of conditions favorable to the pathogens are evicted again educated and healthy cells beyond the cornea of the plate. When there are certain conditions that contribute to the formation of an environment conducive to the increase of the total mass of the fungi, produced its entry into the nail the disc and the rapid advancement in the nail.
The effects of nail fungus
In the absence of a timely treatment that the fungus has spread to all the healthy nails are. The violation of the aesthetics of the appearance of the fingers of the hands and feet is not the most dangerous thing is the consequence of the disease. Athlete's foot is a infection that is able to cause inflammation of the dermis and cause increased sensitivity to the body. As allergen protruding products of the vital activity of the microorganisms, with its high toxicity to the human body.
Assigned for onychomycosis biological agents can lead to the development of bodily diseases, in particular, and very serious. Under the influence of toxic of biologically active substances may develop the following diseases:
- inflammatory the defeat of the skin allergic nature;
- the liver;
- acute the defeat of the entire surface of the skin and mucous membranes.
People with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus are not only at greater risk of fungal infection, but most suffer the consequences of onychomycosis. In diabetic patients points to the violation of the sensitivity of the extremities, which prevents early detection of the first symptoms of the pathology, and delay in the treatment of the disease in this category of patients plagued with infection of the cracks that form in the skin as athlete's foot. The most common and frequent complications of fungal infection in diabetes are:
- bone infection;
- gangrene of the lower extremities;
- ulcers trophic in the feet.
The treatment of fungus
The duration of the therapeutic course if onichael of athlete's foot depends on the stage of detection of the disease and the character of its current. The goal of treatment is eradication (total destruction) by fungal parasites. The scheme of antifungal therapy is being developed by a dermatologist on the basis of the results of the diagnosis was carried out, during which they reveals the kind of stimulant of the disease and checks for the presence in the organism of other pathogens (bacteria and complications).
The arsenal of therapies includes various forms of destruction of fungi, the viability of the application that is determined by the doctor depending on the rate of deformation of the nails. The treatment of nail fungus, it performs one of the following methods:
- Medications – in pathology, flowing in a mild form, are assigned to local antimycotic means (creams, ointments, gels, lotions, lacquers, sprays) monotherapy, when the onicomicosisx of moderate-to-severe and therapeutic schema is complemented with the tablets, capsules for oral administration.
- Lazeroterapija – sample small lesions in the absence of co-infections, is an alternative method which can replace the prolonged use of the drug.
- The removal of the surface of the nail – radical in the mode of the therapy is often recurrent onychomycosis and severe forms of the disease.
- The therapy with antibiotics – is assigned in the case of complications of mycosis of the bacterial infection.
The removal of the affected nail
Until the development of modern techniques of treatment of fungal infections of the removal of the nail is the only way to get rid of fungoid diseases. Classical method of withdrawal affected the surface of the nail is surgical. Today, this high traumatic and painful way they arrive rarely, which is related to the risk of development of postoperative complications (wound infection, a long and difficult period of recovery).
Alternative, less painful removal techniques are hardware pedicure and lazeroterapiya. During these procedures, the plaque softens keratolytic medications and layers and removed with tools (milling cutters, tapered, with abrasive coated or laser equipment). The disadvantages of these methods include the risk of allergic reaction, infection, incomplete removal of mold and mildew.
Remove the plate from the nail can, without resorting to mechanical abrasion, and with the help of special preparations. Drugs that lto softening the keratin (biomaterial, which is part of the nail), they are called ceratolici. Its mechanism of action is based on the ability of the principal components (urea and acid) to modify the structure of the board, making their plastic and soft.
The pills
Own treatment drugs is moderate and heavy during the mycosis. In the scheme of treatment of onychomycosis include mainly the 2 groups antifungals – synthesis and allylamines. The effectiveness of the therapy with the use of oral media increases greatly, but the taking of tablets, needs to be carried out under the control treatments, due to the presence of side effects related to the highly specific action anti-fungal.
Ointments and creams
When the lack of need of therapy for systemic mycoses (in the form of light, the prevalence of the defeat of not more than 2/3 of the surface the surface of the nail) topical medications may be used as monotherapy. Antimycotic ointments and creams, raise to a power, the action of drugs accepted within, so that sochetannoe the use of the system and of the local therapy accelerates the healing process.
A medication against nail fungus you must assign to a dermatologist according to the clinical picture of the disease and on the results of the diagnosis of the pathogen. By the selection of the processing tool may be not only ineffective, but also dangerous. The advantages of the use of creams and ointments for the release of the fungus are the least amount of side effects, the rapid elimination of unpleasant symptoms drawbacks – the duration of the course and the ineffectiveness of the severe during the disease.
The treatment of fungus on the feet and the hands of the varnishes
Creams for actions, applicable for the direct application on the nail, it is anti-fungal lucky. The inclusion in the therapeutic scheme of the varnishes does not negate the use of other antifungal medications. Regardless of these tools can only be used as a prevention. The advantage of supplementing therapy varnishes consists in the elimination of the aesthetics of the deficiencies in an amended form of the color or of the deformation, the disadvantage is the high cost of the therapeutic course.
The mechanism of action of the antifungal drugs in the form of lacquers is based on fungicidal properties of its components. To increase the efficiency of the instruments must be applied daily on the clean face of heat from the tissue and fat the nail plate (the old layer of varnish should be removed by use of solvent).
Lazeroterapiya
One of the most current treatment of the fungi is lazeroterapija – the burning of a laser beam of colonies of fungi in the matrix of the keratin of the plate without destroying the healthy tissues. Indications for performing this procedure can be any shape, and phase of the onychomycosis. The use of the laser provides a snapshot of the death of the parasites and speeds up the healing process. The number of sessions of laser therapy (duration of approximately 30 minutes) is determined from the severity of the injury. Produced by the manipulation does not cause pain and have almost no side effects.
The treatment of nail fungus remedies
The use of the recipes of folk medicine in the treatment of onychomycosis only as one of the methods of traditional therapy to enhance its therapeutic effect. If, for some reason, there is the possibility of requesting medical attention if you notice signs of fungus, you should take measures as soon as possible so as not to allow the transition of the disease in severe form (if it is running, the phase of the medication can be very dangerous).
Due to the prevalence of mycosis of the nonconventional medicine offers many ways of solving this problem with the use of indoor and outdoor media. The most popular home remedies treatment of nail fungus:
- The vinegar (70% of the essence). Effective and synthesized tool is the paste made acetic essence, eggs and butter. In a bowl, pour 200 ml of vinegar, down the whole egg and keep in a dark place. After the dissolution of the eggs should strain the liquid and enter 1 teaspoon of oil. Obtained paste to put in 12-14 hours under a movie on the steamed out to the grounds. As that the softening of the plate should be cut off until the complete disappearance of the signs of mycosis.
- The iodine. If immediately after the detection of the first symptoms of onychomycosis using this available antiseptic, such as iodine, can solve the problem for 1-2 proceedings. In the last stages of this method is quite effective. The manipulation consists in applying on the affected area of iodine until the substance will not absorb. Before the procedure you must steam the feet or hands and give them to dry completely. When it appears a strong feeling of burning during treatment you should lower the limb in a bowl of cold water.
- The juice of the greater celandine. The plant has bactericidal action, which conditions its application for the treatment of fungal diseases. Medicinal manipulations are performed on the clean legs or hands. In the juice of the stalk fresh-plucked the celandine, you should dampen a disc and apply it to the affected areas, covering the top with a gauze pad. Journal of three times the realization of this procedure will help to 2-3 weeks to get rid of the signs of the disease.
- The peroxide of hydrogen. One of the methods that contribute to the rapid solution of a fungal infection, is of three phases in the procedure with application of hydrogen peroxide. The affected surfaces are processed in the first place the mix of vinegar (3%), and peroxide (3%) in a ratio of 1 to 1, after which the fingers are immersed in 30 sec. in a very weak solution of sodium hypochlorite. After immersion in the fund must wash, dry with the fingers of the hands or feet and apply on the nails of a mixture of tea tree oil and petroleum jelly. The duration of treatment is 1 week.
- The tincture of milkweed. For the treatment of skin and nail pathologies can be used all types of milkweed. To prepare the infusion pour a small amount of the raw material with boiling water and leave to infuse for 2-3 hours, cooled to 45-50 degrees, the infusion should steam the feet or hands for half an hour. After 3-4 weeks of daily procedures of the symptoms of the disease should disappear.
- Tea tree oil. The content of this tool substances such as lemon, alpha-terpinene, sabine, alpha-phellandrene, cineole provides an antiseptic and an anti-inflammatory effect. For the destruction of fungi-are dermatophytes is recommended for 8-10 weeks in france, with the addition of 15-20 drops of oil.
The prevention of the
Living as a parasite common micro-organisms in all parts and fully constrain the contact with them is impossible, but, by observing certain precautions, you can reduce the risk of infection. The prevention of onychomycosis aims to reduce the likelihood of infection and the strengthening of the defenses of the immune system to discourage the creation of pathogens in the body. Main prevention measures are:
- regulate the conduct of the hygiene of the activities of care of the skin of the stop and the palms of the hands;
- the release of the hyperhidrosis of the feet;
- the elimination of the excessive dryness of the skin;
- the limitation of the contact of the broken skin, full of objects in the public arena of the visit;
- daily change of socks, stockings, tights, etc;
- use comfortable footwear and clothing of breathable materials;
- the timely treatment of trauma, calcifications of the changes of the surface of the nail;
- procedures for sterilization and disinfection of tools for manicure and pedicure;
- the rejection of bad habits;
- the compliance of the principles of a balanced diet, limiting the amount you consume sweet foods;
- newspaper (spring and fall), the reception of vitamin complexes.
You can not ignore signs of the disease, or try to establish the diagnosis. The majority of medical care occurs already in an advanced stage of the disease, which is related to the confidence of patients in what they can not develop onychomycosis because it follows all the rules. It should be noted that compliance with all medical recommendations on the prevention of fungal infection probability of infection is reduced, but a proportion of the risk of infection remains.